Chapter 14 Vocabulary Resource Issues

  1. Acid deposition: Sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides, emitted by burning fossil fuels, enter the atmosphere-where they com¬bine with oxygen and water to form sulfuric acid and nitric acid-and return to Earth’s surface
  2. Acid precipitation: Conversion of sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides to acids that return to Earth as rain, snow, or fog.
  3. Active solar energy systems: Solar energy system that collects energy through the use of mechanical devices like photovoltaic cells or flat-plate collectors.
  4. Air pollution: Concentration of trace substances, such as carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, and solid particulates, at a greater level than occurs in average aIr.
  5. Animate power: Power supplied by people or animals.
  6. Biochemical Oxygen demand (BOD):Amount of oxygen required by aquatic bacteria to decompose a given load of organic waste; a measure of water pollution.
  7. Biodiversity: The number of species within a specific habitat.
  8. Biomass fuel: fuel that derives from plant material and animal waste.
  9. Breeder reactor: A nuclear power plant that creates its own fuel from plutonium.
  10. Chorofluorocarbon (CFC): A gas used as a solvent, a propellant in aerosols, a refrigerant, and in plastic foams and fire extinguishers.
  11. Conservation: The sustainable use and management of a natural resource, through consuming at a less rapid rate than it can be replaced.
  12. Ferrous: Metals including iron ore, that are utilized in the production of iron and steel.
  13. Fission: The splitting of an atomic nucleus to release energy.
  14. Fossil fuel: Energry source formed from the residue of plants and animals buried millions of years ago.
  15. Fusion: Creation of energy by joining the nuclei of two hydrogen atoms to form helium.
  16. Geothermal energy: Energy from steam or hot water produced from hot or molten underground rocks.
  17. Greenhouse effect: Anticipated increase in Earth’s temperature, caused by carbon dioxide (emitted by burning fossil fuels) trapping some of the radiation emitted by the surface.
  18. Hydroelectric power: Power generated from moving water.
  19. Ideograms: The system of writing used in China and other East Asian countries in which each symbol represents an idea or a concept rather than a specific sound, as is the case with letters in English.
  20. Inanimate power: Power supplied by machines.
  21. Nonferrous: metals utilized to make products other than iron and steel.
  22. Nonrenewable energy: A source of energy that is a finite supply capable of being exhausted.
  23. Ozone: gas that absorbs ultraviolet solar radiation, found in the stratosphere, a zone between 15 and 50 kilometers (9 to 30 miles) above Earth’s surface.
  24. Passive solar energy systems: Solar energy system that collects energy without the use of mechanical devices.
  25. Photochemical smog: An atmospheric condition formed through a combination of weather conditions and pollution, especially from motor vehicle emissions.
  26. Photovoltaic cell: Solar energy cells, usually made from silicon, that collect solar rays to generate electricity.
  27. Pollution: Addition of more waste than a resource can accommodate.
  28. Potential reserve: The amount of energy in deposits not yet identified but thought to exist.
  29. Preservation: Maintenance of a resource in its present condition, with as little human impact as possible.
  30. Proven reserve: The amount of a resource remaining in discovered deposits.
  31. Radioactive waste: Particles from a nuclear reaction that emit radiation; contact with such particles may be harmful or lethal to people and must therefore be safely stored for thousands of years.
  32. Renewable energy: A resource that has a theoretically unlimited supply and is not depleted when used by humans.
  33. Resource: A substance in the environment that is useful to people, is economically and technologically feasible to access, and is socially acceptable to use
  34. Sanitary landfill: A place to deposit solid waste, where a layer of earth is bulldozed over garbage each day to reduce emissions of gases and odors from the decaying trash, to minimize fires, and to discourage vermin.
  35. Sustainable development: The level of development that can be maintained in a country without depleting resources to the extent that future generations will be unable to achieve a comparable level of development.
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