Martin's AP Human Geography

Ch. 2 Rubenstein Quizlet pages
Ch. 2 Rubinstein Flashcards
Main Vocabulary Page
Unit 2: Population & Migration

1. Age distribution: The proportion of individuals of different ages within a population. You can use an age distribution to estimat survival by calculating the difference in proportion of individuals in succeeding age classes.
2. Agricultural revolution: the development of farming
3. Arithmetic Population Density: The total number of people divided by the total land area.
4. Capacity: the amount of people an area can support
5. Census: A complete enumeration of a population.
6. Child Mortality Rate: A figure that describes the number of children that die between the first and fifth years of their lives in a given population.
7. Chronic Diseases: Generally long – lasting afflictions now more common because of higher life expectancies.
8. Crude Birth Rate (CBR): The number of live births yearly per 1,000 people in a population. (natality)
9. Crude Death Rate (CDR): The number of deaths yearly per 1,000 people in a population.
10. Demographic equation: NIR = CBR – CDR
11. Demographic momentum:: is the tendency for growing population to continue growing after a fertility decline because of their young age distribution. This is important because once this happens a country moves to a different stage in the demographic transition model.
12. Demographic Transistion: High birth rates and death rates are followed by plunging death rates, producing a huge net population gain, this is followed by the convergence of birth rates and death rates at a low overall level.
13. Demographic Transition Model: a model that tracks the steps through which a society’s population moves as a country/region progresses towards industrialization
14. Demography: the scientific study of population characteristics
15. Dependency ratio: the number of people who can’t work
16. Doubling Time: the time it takes for an area’s population to double
17. Ecumene: the area of land occupied by humans
18. Epidemiologic transition: The a distinctive cause of death in each stage of the demographic transition. Explains how countries’ population changes.
19. Eugenic Population Policies: Government policies designed to favor one racial sector over others.
20. Expansive Popluation Policies: Government policies that encourage large families and raise the rate of population growth.
21. Exponential growth: growth by a percentile instead of a static number
22. Infant Mortality Rate (IMR): The total number of deaths in a year among infants under one year old for every 1000 live births in a society.
23. J-curve: The shape of a line graph of population graph when growth is exponential.
24. Life Expectancy: A figure indicating how long, on average, a person may be expected to live.
25. Malthus, Thomas: British economist of late 1700′s. considered the first to predict a population crisis.
26. Medical Revolution: the leap of medical knowledge in stage 2 of the demographic transition
27. Megalopolis: 1) Term used to designate large coalescing supercities that are forming in diverse parts of the world. 2)
28. Mortality: the rate at which people die
29. Natality Rate (NIR): number of birth/ year to every 1000 people in the population
30. Natural Increase: Population growth measured as the excess of live births over deaths; does not reflect either emigrant or immigrant movements.
31. Natural Increase Rate (NIR): CBR – CDR = NIR
32. Neo-Malthusians: group who built on Malthus’ theory and suggested that people wouldn’t just starve for lack of food, but would have wars about food and other scarce resources.
33. Overpopulation: too many people in one place for the resources available
34. Physiological Population Density: The number of people per unit of area of arable land, which is land suitable for agriculture.
35. Population Composition: Structure of population in terms of age, gender and other properties such as marital status and education.
36. Population Density: A measurement of the number of people per given unit of land.
37. Population Distribution: Description of locations on Earth’s surface where populations live.
38. Population Explosion: 1) The rapid growth of the world’s human population during the past century, attended by ever- shorter doubling times and sccelerating rates of increase. 2) the sudden increase of population caused by the plummeting CDR in stage 2
39. Population Projection: Estimation of future population growth, by extrapoliting from current trends and known growth factors.
40. Population Pyramids: A bar graph representing the distribution of population by age and gender.
41. Restrictive Popluation Policies: Government policies designed to reduce the rate of natural increase.
42. Sex ratio: the ratio of men to women
43. Standard of living: The goods a services and their distribution within a population
44. Stationary Population Level: The level at which a national population ceases to grow.
45. Sustainability: The level of development that can be maintained without depleting resources.
46. Total Fertility Rate (TFR): the average number of children a woman has
47. underpopulation: A drop or decrease in a region’s population.
48. Zero population growth (ZPG): Where natural birth rate declines to equal cru-de birth rate and the natural rate of population approaches 0.