balance of power:condition of roughly equal strength between opposing countries or alliances of countries
boundary:invisible line that marks the extent of a state’s territory
city-state:a sovereign state comprising a city and its immediate hinterland
colonialism:attempt by one country to establish settlements and to impose its political, economic, and cultural principles in another territory
colony:a territory that is legally tied to a sovereign state rather than completely independent
compact state:a state in which the distance from the center to any boundary does not vary significantly
elongated state:a state with a long, narrow shape
federal state:an internal organization of a state that allocates most powers to units of local government
fragmented state:a state that includes several discontinuous pieces of territory
frontier:a zone separating two states in which neither state exercises political control
gerrymandering:process of redrawing legislative boundaries for the purpose of benefiting the party in power
imperialism:control of territory already occupied and organized by an indigenous society
landlocked state:a state that does not have a direct outlet to the sea
microstate:a state that encompasses a very small land area
perforated state:a state that completely surrounds another one
prorupted state:an otherwise compact state with a large projecting extension
sovereignty:ability of a state to govern its territory free from control of its internal affairs by other states
state:an area organized into a political unit and ruled by an established government with control over its internal and foreign affairs
unitary state:an internal organization of a state that places most power in the hands of central government officials
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