Chapter 9 Vocabulary Development

Developing Country: Term that analysts use instead of the term “less developed country.”
Economic Development: Process of improving economic/material conditions of people through the diffusion of knowledge and technology.
Gender Empowerment Measure (GEM):Compares the ability of men and women to participate in economic and political decision making.
Gender-related Development Index (GDI):Compares the level of development of women with that of both sexes.
Gross Domestic Product: Value of the total number of goods and services produced in a country in a given period of time (normally one year). Also known as GNI (Gross National Income).
Gross National Product: Like “gross domestic product,” only the incomes that people earn abroad are also considered.
Human Development Index (HDI): Created by the United Nations to recognize a country’s level of development as function of three factors: economic, social, and demographic factors.
Less Developed Country (LDC): Country in an earlier stage of development. Several analysts prefer the term “developing country.”
Literacy Rate: Percentage of a country’s people who can read and write.
More Developed Country (MDC): Also known as a relatively developed country or a developed country, country that has progressed further along the development continuum.
Neo-colonialism: Country that displays economic dependence on another country; a country that displays so much economic independence on another country, that it seems to be a colony of the independent country.
Primary Sector: Where workers extract materials from Earth through agriculture, and sometimes by mining, fishing, and forestry; the portion of the economy concerned with the direct extraction of materials from Earth’s surface, generally through agriculture, although sometimes by mining, fishing, and forestry.
Productivity: Value of a particular product compared to the amount of labor needed to make it.
Purchasing Power Parity (PPP): What a state’s dollar can actually buy compared to another state’s dollar; what a country is able to buy.
Quarternary Sector: Sector that includes jobs that focus on business services, such as trade, insurance, banking, advertising, and wholesaling.
Rostow’s “Modernization Model”: Model created by W.W. Rostow in the 1950′s that gives an idea of where a country is in their stage of development. There are five stages in this model, including: 1. “The traditional society,” 2. “The preconditions for takeoff,” 3. “The takeoff,” 4. “The drive to maturity,” 5. “The age of mass consumption.”
Secondary Sector: Portion of the economy concerned with manufacturing the process, transformation, and assembly of raw materials into useful products.
Structural Adjustment Programs: Economic policies that encourage international trade.

Tertiary Sector: Portion of the economy concerned with the transportation, communications, and utilities, sometimes extended to the provision of all goods and services to people in exchange for payment.

Value Added: Gross value of the product minus the cost of raw materials and energy.

Martin's AP Human Geography

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